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Title30 - Incinerator Rules
| Section 30-005 Purpose and Applicability |
| The purpose of these rules is to establish state-of-the-art emission
standards, design requirements, and performance standards for all
solid, infectious waste and crematory incinerators, in order to minimize
air contaminant emissions and provide adequate protection of public
health. The rules apply to all existing solid and infectious waste
and crematory incinerators and to all that will be built, modified,
or installed within Lane County, Oregon. These rules shall not apply
to municipal waste combustors. |
| Section 30-010 Definitions |
| Words and terms used in this title are defined as follows,
unless the context requires otherwise: |
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(1) "Acid Gases" means any exhaust gas which includes hydrogen
chloride and sulfur dioxide. |
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(2) "Best Available Control Technology (BACT)" means an emission
limitation (including a visible emission standard) based on the maximum
degree of reduction of each air contaminant subject to regulation
under the Clean Air Act which would be emitted from any proposed major
source or major modification which, on a case-by-case basis, taking
into account energy, environmental, and economic impacts and other
costs, is achievable for such source or modification through application
of production processes or available methods, systems, and techniques,
including fuel cleaning or treatment or innovative fuel combustion
techniques for control of such air contaminant. In no event shall
the application of BACT result in emissions of any air contaminant
which would exceed the emissions allowed by any applicable new source
performance standard or any standard for hazardous air pollutants.
If an emission limitation is not feasible, a design, equipment, work
practice, or operational standard, or combination thereof, may be
required. Such standard shall, to the degree possible, set forth the
emission reduction achievable and shall provide for compliance by
prescribing appropriate permit conditions. |
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(3) "Biological Waste," includes blood and blood products,
excretions, exudates, secretions, suctionings and other body fluids
that cannot be directly discarded into a municipal sewer system, and
waste materials saturated with blood or body fluids, but does not
include diapers soiled with urine or feces (see also "infectious waste").
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(4) "Continuous Emissions Monitoring" means a monitoring
system for continuously measuring the emissions of a pollutant from
an affected incinerator. Continuous monitoring equipment and operation
shall be certified in accordance with EPA performance specifications
and quality assurance procedures outlined in 40 CFR 60, Appendices
B and F, and the Department's CEM Manual. |
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(5)"Crematory Incinerator" means an incinerator used solely
for the cremation of non-pathological human and non-pathological animal
remains. |
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(6) "Cultures and stocks" includes etiologic agents and associated
biologicals,including specimen cultures and dishes and devices used
to transfer, inoculate and mix cultures, wastes from production of
biologicals, and serums and discarded live and attenuated vaccines.
"Cultures" does not include throat and urine cultures (see also "infectious
waste". |
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(7) "Department" means the Oregon Department of Environmental
Quality. |
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"Dioxins and Furans" means total tetra- through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
and dibenofurans.
(8)"Director" means the Director of the Lane Regional Air Protection Agency and authorized deputies or officers. |
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(9) "Dry Standard Cubic Foot" means the amount of gas, free
of uncombined water, that would occupy a volume of 1 cubic foot at
standard conditions. When applied to combustion flue gases from waste
or refuse burning, "Standard Cubic Foot (SCF)" means adjustment of
gas volume to that which would result at a concentration of 7% oxygen
(dry basis). |
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(10) "Dry Standard Cubic Foot" means the amount of gas, free
of uncombined water, that would occupy a volume of 1 cubic foot at
standard conditions. When applied to combustion flue gases from waste
or refuse burning, "Standard Cubic Foot (SCF)" means adjustment of
gas volume to that which would result at a concentration of 7% oxygen
(dry basis). |
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(11) "Emission" means a release into the ambient air of air
contaminants. |
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(12) "Existing Source" means any air contaminant source in
existence prior to the date of adoption of rules affecting that source.
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(13) "Fugitive Emissions," except as used in Title
35, means emissions of any air contaminant which escapes to the ambient
air from any point or area that is not identifiable as a stack, vent, duct,
or functionally equivalent opening. (Title
12 contains another definition of "fugitive emissions" for use with
title 35.) |
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(14) "Incineration Operation" means any operation in which
combustion is carried on in an incinerator, for the principal purpose
or with the principal result, of oxidizing wastes to reduce their
bulk and/or facilitate disposal. |
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(15) "Incinerator" means a combustion device specifically
for destruction, by high temperature burning, of solid, semi-solid,
liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes. This does not include
devices such as open or screened barrels, drums, or process boilers.
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(16) "Infectious Waste" means waste which contains or may
contain any disease-producing microorganism or material including,
but not limited to, biological waste, cultures and stocks, pathological
waste, and sharps (see individual definitions for these terms). |
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(17) "Infectious Waste Incinerator" means an incinerator
which is operated or utilized for the disposal or treatment of infectious
waste, including combustion for the recovery of heat. |
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(18) "Opacity" means the degree to which an emission reduces
transmission of light or obscures the view of an object in the background.
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(19) "Particulate Matter" means any solid or liquid material,
except uncombined water, which exists as a liquid or solid at standard
conditions. |
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(20)"Parts Per Million (ppm)" means parts of a contaminant
per million parts of gas by volume on a dry-gas basis (1 ppm equals
0.0001% by volume). |
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(21)"Pathological waste" includes biopsy materials and all
human tissues; anatomical parts that emanate from surgery, obstetrical
procedures, autopsy and laboratory procedures; and animal carcasses
exposed to pathogens in research and the bedding and other waste from
such animals. "Pathological wastes" does not include teeth, or formaldehyde
or other preservative agents (see also "infectious waste"). |
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(22) "Permit" or "Air Contaminant Discharge Permit" means
a written permit issued by the Authority, pursuant to LRAPA and DEQ
rules and regulations. |
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(23) "Person" means any individual, public or private corporation,
political subdivision, agency, board, department, or bureau of the
state, municipality, partnership, association, firm, trust, estate,
or any other legal entity whatsoever which is recognized by law as
the subject of rights and duties. |
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(24) "Person in Charge of Property" means an agent, occupant,
lessee, tenant, contract purchaser, or other person having possession
or control of property. |
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(25) "Primary Combustion Chamber" means the discrete equipment,
chamber or space in which drying of the waste, pyrolysis, and essentially
the burning of the fixed carbon in the waste occurs. |
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(26) "Refuse" means unwanted matter. |
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(27) "Refuse Burning Equipment" means a device designed to
reduce the volume of refuse by combustion. |
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(28) "Secondary (or Final) Combustion Chamber" means the
discrete equipment, chamber, or space, excluding the stack, in which
the products of pyrolysis are combusted in the presence of excess
air, such that essentially all carbon is burned to carbon dioxide. |
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(30) "Sharps" includes needles, IV tubing with needles attached,
scalpel blades, lancets, glass tubes that could be broken during handling,
and syringes that have been removed from their original sterile containers
(see also "infectious waste"). |
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(31) "Solid Waste" means refuse, more than 50% of which is
waste consisting of a mixture of paper, wood, yard wastes, food wastes,
plastics, leather, rubber, and other combustible materials, and noncombustible
materials such as metal, glass, and rock. |
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(32) "Solid Waste Incinerator" means an incinerator which
is operated or utilized for the disposal or treatment of solid waste,
including combustion for the recovery of heat. |
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(33) "Source" means any building, structure, facility, installation
or combination thereof which emits or is capable of emitting air contaminants
to the atmosphere and is located on one or more contiguous or adjacent properties
and is owned or operated by the same person or by persons under common control.
This includes all of the pollutant emitting activities which belong to the
same industrial grouping or major group (i.e. which have the same two-digit
code) as described in EPA's Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) manual
(U.S. Office of Management and Budget 1987). (Title
12 contains another definition of "source" for use with other rules.) |
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(34) "Source" means any building, structure, facility, installation
or combination thereof which emits or is capable of emitting air contaminants
to the atmosphere and is located on one or more contiguous or adjacent
properties and is owned or operated by the same person or by persons
under common control. This includes all of the pollutant emitting
activities which belong to the same industrial grouping or major group
(i.e. which have the same two-digit code) as described in EPA's Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) manual (U.S. Office of Management
and Budget 1987). (Title 12 contains another
definition of "source" for use with other rules.) |
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(35) "Startup/Shutdown" means the time during which an air
contaminant source or emission control equipment is brought into normal
operation and normal operation is terminated, respectively. |
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(36) "Startup," means that time during which an air contaminant
source or emission control equipment is brought into normal operation.
(Title 12 contains another definition of
"startup" for use with other rules.) |
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(37) "Transmissometer" means a device that measures opacity
and conforms to EPA specification Number 1 in Title
40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix B. |
| Section 30-015 Best Available Control Technology
for Solid and Infectious Waste Incinerators |
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(1) Notwithstanding the specific emission limits
set forth in Section 30-020, in order to maintain overall air quality at the highest
possible levels, each solid and infectious waste incinerator is required
to use best available control technology (BACT). In no event shall
the application of BACT result in emissions of any air contaminant
which would exceed the emission limits set forth in these rules. |
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(2) All installed equipment shall be operated and maintained
in such a manner that emissions of air contaminants are kept at the
lowest possible level. |
| Section 30-020 Emission Limitations for Solid and
Infectious Waste Incinerators |
| No person shall cause, suffer, allow, or permit the
operation of any solid or infectious waste incinerator in a manner
which violates the following emission limits and requirements: |
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(1) Particulate Matter Emissions (PM) |
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A. For new solid and infectious waste incinerators,
emissions from each stack shall not exceed 0.015 grains per dry standard
cubic foot of exhaust gases. |
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B. For existing solid and infectious waste incinerators,
emissions from each stack shall not exceed 0.030 grains per day standard
cubic foot of exhaust gases. |
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(2) Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) |
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A. For existing and new solid and infectious
waste incinerators, emissions of hydrogen chloride from each stack
shall not exceed 50 ppm as an average during any sixty (60)-minute
period, corrected to 7% 02 (dry basis); or |
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B. Shall be reduced by at least ninety (90)%
by weight from their potential HCI emissions rate on an hourly basis.
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(3) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) |
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A. For existing and new solid and infectious
waste incinerators, emissions of sulfur dioxide from each stack shall
not exceed 50 ppm as a running three (3)-hour average, corrected to
7% 02, (dry basis); or |
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B. Shall be reduced by at least 70% by weight
from their potential SO2 emission rate on a three (3)-hour
basis. |
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(4) Carbon Monoxide (CO). For existing and new
solid and infectious waste incinerators, emissions of carbon monoxide
from each stack shall not exceed 100 ppm as a running eight (8)-hour
average, corrected to 7% 02 (dry basis). |
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(5) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx). For new
solid and infectious waste incinerators with the potential to process
250 tons/day or more of wastes, emissions of nitrogen oxide from each
stack shall not exceed 200 ppm as a running 24-hour average, corrected
to 7% 02 (dry basis). |
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(6) Opacity. Opacity, as measured visually by
an applicable EPA Method or by a transmissometer, shall not exceed
10% for a period aggregating more than three (3) minutes in any running
sixty (60)-minute period. |
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(7) Fugitive Emissions. All solid and infectious
waste incinerators shall be operated in a manner which prevents or
minimizes fugitive emissions, including but not limited to the paving
of all normally traveled roadways within the plant boundary and enclosing
of all material transfer points. |
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(8) Dioxin/furans. For solid and infectious waste
incinerators with a waste charging rate of 250 tons/day or greater,
emissions from each stack shall not exceed 30 nanograms of dioxin/furans
per dry standard cubic foot. |
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(9) Other Wastes. No solid or infectous waste
incinerator subject to these rules shall burn radioactive or hazardous
waste, or any other waste not specifically authorized in the Authority's
Air Contaminant Discharge Permit. |
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(10) Other contaminants. For any incinerator
subject to these rules, in the absence of an air-contaminant-specific
emission limit or ambient air quality standard, the Authority may
establish, by permit, emission limits for any other air contaminants
to protect human health and the environment. |
| Section 30-025 Design and Operation for Solid and
Infectious Waste Incinerators |
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(1) Each solid or infectious waste incinerator
shall have at least a primary and secondary combustion chamber. |
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(2) Temperature and residence time. Each solid
or infectious waste incinerator shall be designed and operated to
maintain temperatures of at least 1400 F in the primary chamber. Combustion
gases in the secondary chamber shall be maintained at a minimum temperature
of 1800 F for at least one (1) second residence time. |
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(3) Auxiliary Burners. Each solid or infectious
waste incinerator shall be designed and operated with automatically
controlled auxiliary burners capable of main- taining the combustion
chamber temperatures specified in section 2 of this rule, and shall
have sufficient auxiliary fuel capacity to maintain said temperatures.
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(4) Interlocks. Each solid or infectious waste
incinerator shall be designed and operated with an interlock system
which: |
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A. Prevents charging until the final combustion
chamber reaches 1800 F; |
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B. For batch-fed solid or infectious waste incinerators,
prevents recharging until each combustion cycle is complete; |
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C. Ceases charging if the secondary chamber temperature
falls below 1800 F for any continuous fifteen (15)-minute period;
and |
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D. Ceases charging if carbon monoxide levels
exceed 150 ppm (dry basis), corrected to 7% 02 over a continuous
fifteen (15)-minute period. |
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(5) Air Locks. Each mechanically fed solid or
infectious waste incinerator shall be designed and operated with an
air lock control system to prevent opening the incinerator to the
room environment. The volume of the loading system must be designed
so as to prevent overcharging, to assure complete combustion of the
waste. |
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(6) Combustion Efficiency. Except during periods
of startup and shutdown, each solid or infectious waste incinerator
shall achieve a combustion efficiency of 99.9% based on a running
eight (8)-hour average, computed as follows: |
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CO = Carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas, parts per million by volume (dry) at standard conditions
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CO2 = Carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas, parts per million by volume (dry) at standard conditions
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(7) Stack Height. Each solid or infectious waste
incinerator stack shall be designed in accordance with Good Engineering
Practice (GEP) as defined in Title 40 CFR,
Parts 51.100(ii) and 5118, in order to avoid the flow of stack pollutants
into any building ventilation intake plenum. |
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(8) Operator Training and Certification. Each
solid or infectious waste incinerator shall be attended at all times
during operation by one or more individuals who have received training
necessary for proper operation. A description of the training program
shall be submitted to the Authority for approval. A satisfac-tory
training program shall consist of any of the following: |
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A. Certification by the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) for solid waste incinerator operation; or |
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B. For infectious waste incineration>, successful
completion of EPA's Medical Waste Incinerator Operating training course;
or |
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C. Other certification or training by a qualified
organization as to proper operating practices and procedures, which
has been pre-approved by the Authority prior to enrollment. In addition,
the owner or operator of a solid or infectious waste incinerator facility
shall develop and submit a manual for proper operation and maintenance,
to be reviewed with employees responsible for incinerator operation
on an annual basis. |
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D. Copies of the written certificate of training
of the operator shall be kept on site at all times, available for
Authority review. |
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(9) Odors. In cases where solid or infectious
waste incinerator operation causes odors which interfere with the
use and enjoyment of property, the Authority may require, by permit,
additional practices and procedures to prevent or eliminate those
odors. |
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Section 30-030 Continuous Emission Monitoring for Solid and Infectious
Waste Incinerators |
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(1) Each solid waste incinerator shall be equipped
with continuous monitoring for the following: |
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A. Sulfur dioxide; |
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B. Carbon monoxide; |
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C. Opacity; |
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D. Primary combustion chamber temperature; |
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E. Final combustion chamber temperature; |
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F. Flue gas outlet temperature; |
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G. Oxygen; |
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H. Nitrogen oxide--new incinerators with a potential
waste feed rate of 250 tons/day or more; and |
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I. HCl--for incinerators with a potential waste
feed rate of 250 tons per day or more. |
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(2) Each infectious waste incinerator shall be
equipped with continuous monitoring for the following: |
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A. Carbon monoxide; |
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B. Opacity; |
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C. Primary combustion chamber temperature; |
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D. Final combustion chamber temperature; and
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E. HCl. |
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(3) The Authority may, at any time following
the effective date of these rules, require the installation and operation
of any other continuous emission monitors which the Authority determines
are necessary in order to demonstrate compliance with emission limits
set forth in these regulations. |
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(4) The monitors specified above shall comply
with EPA performance specifications in Title 40, CFR, Part 60, and the Department's CEM Manual.
All monitoring equipment shall be located, operated and maintained
so as to accurately monitor emission levels, in order to demonstrate
compliance with LRAPA Title 30. |
| Section 30-035 Reporting and Testing for Solid and
Infectious Waste Incinerators |
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(1) Reporting |
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A. Compliance test results shall be reported
to the Authority within thirty (30) days of completion of the test.
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B. All records associated with continuous monitoring
data including, but not limited to, original data sheets, charts,
calculations, calibration data, production records and final reports
shall be maintained for a continuous period of at least two (2) years
and shall be furnished to the Authority upon request. |
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(2) Source Testing |
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A. Each solid or infectious waste incinerator
must be tested to demonstrate compliance with the standards in these
rules. |
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B. Compliance testing shall be conducted at the
maximum design rate using waste that is representative of normal operation.
If requested by the owner/ operator, compliance testing may be performed
at a lower rate; however, permit limits will be established based
on the lower rate of operation. |
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C. Unless otherwise specified by the Authority,
each solid or infectious waste incinerator shall be tested at start-up
for particulate matter, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, and carbon
monoxide emissions. Solid and infectious waste incinerators with potential
waste feed rates of 250 tons/day or more shall be tested for dioxin/furans
and NOx at startup. |
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(3) Other air contaminant compliance testing.
The Authority may, at any time after the effective date of this rule,
conduct or require source testing and require access to information
specific to the control, recovery, or release of other air contaminants. |
| Section 30-040 Compliance for Solid and Infectious
Waste Incinerators |
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(1) All existing solid and infectious waste incinerators
must demonstrate compliance with the applicable provisions of these
rules one year after the effective date of this regulation. Subject
to approval of the Authority, existing data such as that collected
in accordance with the requirements of an Air Contaminant Discharge
Permit may be used to demonstrate compliance. |
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(2) Until compliance is demonstrated, existing solid and
infectious waste incinerators shall continue to be subject to all
applicable permit conditions. |
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(3) All new solid and infectious waste incinerators must
demonstrate compliance with the applicable provisions of these rules
as soon as possible, but not later than ninety (90) days after startup. |
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(4) Compliance with these rules does not relieve the owner
or operator of the solid or infectious waste incinerator from the
responsibility to comply with requirements of the Department's Solid
and Hazardous Waste rules (Oregon Administrative Rules, Chapter 340,
Division 61) regarding the disposal of ash generated from solid and
infectious waste incinerators. |
| Section 30-045 Emission Limitations of Crematory
Incinerators |
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No person shall cause to be emitted particulate matter from any
crematory incinerator in excess of 0.080 grains per dry standard cubic
foot of exhaust gases. |
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Opacity. No visible emissions shall be present except for a period
aggregating no more than three (3) minutes in any sixty (60)-minute
period, as measured by an applicable EPA Method. At no time shall
visible emissions exceed an opacity of 10%. |
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Odors. In cases where crematory incinerator operation
cause odors which interfere with the use and enjoyment of property,
the Authority may require by permit the use of good practices and
procedures to prevent or eliminate those odors. |
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| Section 30-050 Design and Operation of Crematory
Incinerators |
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(1) Temperature and residence time. The temperature in the
final combustion cham- ber shall be 1800 F for new incinerators, and
1600 F for existing crematory incinerators, with a residence time
of at least 0.5 second. At no time while firing waste shall the temperature
in the final chamber fall below 1400 F. |
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(2) Operator training and certification. Each crematory incinerator
shall be operated at all times under the direction of individuals
who have received training necessary for proper operation. A description
of the training program shall be submitted to the Authority for approval.
Copies of the training certificates of the operators shall be maintained
on site at all times and available to the Authority for review. |
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(3) As defined in Title
12 of these rules, crematory incinerators may only be used for
incineration of human and animal bodies (together with associated
coffins, caskets, combustible containers, wrappings or clothing).
No other material, including infectious waste as defined by 30-010.10 of these rules, may be incinerated unless specifically
authorized in the Authority's Air Contaminant Discharge Permit. On
a case-by-case basis, the Authority may allow the cremation of human
anatomical parts or fetal remains, upon request. |
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| Section 30-055 Monitoring and Reporting for Crematory
Incinerators |
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(1) All crematory incinerators shall operate and maintain
continuous monitoring for final combustion chamber exit temperature.
Additional monitoring and reporting may be required by permit. |
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(2) All records associated with continuous monitoring data
including, but not limited to, original data sheets, charts, calculations,
calibration data, production records and final reports shall be maintained
for a continuous period of at least one year and shall be furnished
to the Authority upon request. |
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(3) All crematory incinerators must conduct source testing
to demonstrate compliance with these rules in accordance with a schedule
specified by the Authority. The test results shall be submitted to
the Authority no later than thirty (30) days after completion of the
test. |
| Section 30-060 Compliance of Crematory Incinerators |
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(1) All existing crematory incinerators must demonstrate compliance
with the applicable provisions of these rules within one year after the
effective date of the regulations. Subject to approval by the Authority,
existing data such as that collected in accordance with the requirements
of an Air Contaminant Discharge Permit or in response to regulatory requirements
may be used to demonstrate compliance. |
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(2) Until compliance is demonstrated, existing crematory incinerators
shall continue to be subject to all applicable permit conditions. |
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(3) New crematory incinerators must demonstrate compliance with
the emission limits and operating requirements of these rules before commencing
regular operation. |
| Statutory Authority: ORS Chapters 183.341 and 468A.135 |
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